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As a keystone species, bison shape and sustain the landscapes they roam. Their presence enriches grasslands, supports biodiversity, and reflects a conservation story unlike any other. The National Mammal designation honors not only the ecological power of these “ecosystem engineers,” but also the cultural, historical, and economic significance they hold for Tribal Nations, ranchers, conservationists, and communities across the country.

On May 9, 2016, President Barack Obama signed the bipartisan Bison Legacy Act, officially recognizing the North American bison as our National Mammal. The legislation celebrated the species’ extraordinary recovery from near extinction and acknowledged its deep ties to Indigenous peoples, its role in shaping the American West, and its growing importance in regenerative agriculture and conservation.

The effort to secure this designation was led by a broad coalition, including the National Bison Association (NBA), the InterTribal Buffalo Council (ITBC), and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) — a testament to the shared commitment to honoring and protecting this iconic species.

Throughout the year, communities nationwide will host “Bison‑tennial” celebrations, bringing people together to reflect on the bison’s past, celebrate its present, and look toward a vibrant future. The NBA is proud to join partners, producers, and Tribal Nations in recognizing the bison’s enduring legacy and its rightful place as the National Mammal of the United States.

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When the snow settled and the competition wrapped up, Delaney McGowen of Eastern Wyoming College earned the top collegiate ranking. Teigen Derner of Laramie County 4‑H won the senior high division, and Lucy Hester of West Grand Elementary/Middle School claimed top honors in the junior division. The Eastern Wyoming College team of Cort Bannan, Rebecca Gardner, Delaney McGowen, and Anthony Quick secured the top team award.

Ava Roundy of Eastern Wyoming College placed second in the collegiate division. In the senior division, Hudson Wright of Laramie County 4‑H took second, followed by Brylee Snell of Laramie County 4‑H in third. In the junior division, Spencer Bohnenkamp of Mountain Grove placed second, and Lilyko Suzuki of Bibber Creek placed third. Rounding out the team rankings, the Eastern Wyoming College group of Ellen Hartman, Ava Roundy, Athena Swinart, and Conley Hogland earned second place, with the Laramie County 4‑H team of Hudson Wright, Walter Martinz, Allis Martinz, and Teigen Derner finishing third.

The top three junior competitors received plaques, while senior and collegiate top finishers were awarded plaques and scholarships. The National Bison Association extends its gratitude to the scholarship sponsors: Twin Brook Farm, Canadian River Bison, Texoma Bison Company, National Buffalo Foundation, Rocky Mountain Bison Association, and Rocky Mountain Natural Meats. Collaboration across the bison industry ensures that knowledge and passion for bison are passed on to the next generation.

John Graves, President of the Rocky Mountain Bison Association and event organizer, shared, “This year’s Junior Judging event was fantastic, and the participants had a wonderful time despite the cold and snow. The GTSS animals were some of the highest‑quality we’ve had, making judging quite a challenge—but one the kids rose to. GTSS Judge Dr. Gerald Parsons helped select the classes and added a few challenging animals to really test the students. Overall, the kids performed well in the live animal placings. Over the years, participants have continued to improve their oral reasons, and this year was no exception, with very thorough and convincing presentations. We look forward to continuing to grow participation in this event.”

The Junior Judging competition is held annually at the National Western Stock Show and is organized by the National Bison Association and the Rocky Mountain Bison Association, which together represent more than 1,200 members across all 50 states and 10 foreign countries.

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The NBA’s 2025 conference season was our most successful yet, with four regional summer conferences drawing over 350 attendees to working bison operations across the North, South, East, and West, and a sold‑out Winter Conference welcoming more than 600 participants. Members showcased incredible talent—from hands‑on cooking demos like Benjamin Lee Bison’s sous vide session to a vibrant new research poster showcase featuring 25 cutting‑edge projects spanning restoration, nutrition, herd health, ecology, and industry innovation. These gatherings highlight the strength of our member‑led education model, where hosts shape the programming, experts share practical insights, and bison stewards build meaningful connections that strengthen the entire community.

The NBA’s consumer and producer outreach efforts reached new heights in 2025, thanks to strong support from the member‑driven Growth Fund. We connected with consumers at 14 in‑person events where chefs showcased bison “beyond the buffalo burger,” introducing attendees to premium cuts and creative dishes, while social media collaborations with young culinary influencers generated nearly 1.5 million impressions. At the same time, we expanded producer outreach through booths at farm shows and soil health conferences, helping current and future producers understand the value bison can bring to their operations. With 40% growth in in‑person outreach, 45 member contributors to the Growth Fund, and bison featured at 29 total events, the NBA is strengthening awareness, education, and enthusiasm across the entire industry. Looking ahead, we’re investing 20% more Growth Fund dollars into outreach and education in 2026 to keep this momentum strong.

The NBA is committed to empowering producers with the tools and knowledge they need to thrive, offering members access to live bison pricing, herd health insights, production expense data, digital marketing resources, and a library of more than 150 educational videos. Behind the scenes, the NBA also works to ensure fair access to federal cost‑share programs and FSA financing through strong business planning support and market data. Our focus on herd health continues to drive meaningful progress, securing federal funding for bison‑specific research and uniting leading scientists to advance the species. Following the momentum of the 2024 International Bison Health Symposium, the NBA is actively engaged in multiple grant‑funded projects—including studies on body condition scoring, winter bale grazing, and the development of a national herd health network—while also updating all educational tools through a new USDA grant. At the federal level, we are advocating for dedicated agricultural funding to support long‑term, bison‑specific herd health initiatives.

The NBA had a strong year of advocacy in 2025, working closely with Congress and federal agencies to support bison producers and expand opportunities across the industry. Our in‑person lobbying trips, National Bison Day celebrations, and ongoing agency engagement helped secure major wins, including $1.75 million in Senate funding for MCF research, a new $5 million producer marketing grant program, continued vaccine development, and the addition of bison to key APHIS and NRCS programs. We also strengthened market access through tariff eliminations and new trade opportunities, ensured producers remain eligible for FSA support programs, and continued important work with FDA on clear labeling for bison products. Altogether, these accomplishments reflect the NBA’s commitment to fair policy, strong representation, and a thriving future for bison stewards.

As we carry this momentum forward, we invite you to help strengthen the work of the National Bison Association in an even more meaningful way. Contributions to the Growth Fund or through NBA sponsorships provide essential support, ensuring we remain responsive to our members and able to advance the mission we all care about. Whether through a cash gift, a donor‑advised fund, or another form of support, your generosity directly fuels the programs, advocacy, and resources that uplift bison stewards nationwide. By making a gift to the NBA, you’re not only supporting today’s work—you’re helping create a lasting legacy for the future of bison across the country. Email info@nationalbison.org, or call (303) 292-2833, ext. 700 to learn more.

CLICK HERE to explore the entire 2025 National Bison Association Year End Report.

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Prices were higher across the board again this year and tracked with other sales around the country. We had another good set of animals with very few fly weights or disadvantaged animals in general. Consequently, the variances in the breakdown of typical weight and quality divisions were minimal. Meat market animals reflected the state of the industry—long on demand, across the board. Bidding was strong on all bull calves, with the majority bringing $5.50 to $5.70. Heifer calves averaged $4.67, with most solid heifers in the 4-weight range bringing $3.80 to $4.60. A number of heavyweight yearling bulls brought $3.10 to $3.20, while most yearling bulls ranged from $4.15 to $4.35. Fall calves fell into the calf range provided they weren’t disadvantaged, and good quality late calves pushed $5.00. Yearling heifers were fairly steady in the mid-$3 range. Two-year-old bulls weren’t really tested with just 13 head, but held steady at $3.50, while two-year-old open heifers had just 2 head.

Top bred heifers were in high demand, bringing $4,000 or better, and top bred cows were strong at $3,500. Opens brought $2.35 to $3.00. This was our 36th year at Farmers and Ranchers, and as usual, our hats are off to Mike and his crew. A special shoutout goes to Mason Winter and Winter Livestock at Farmers and Ranchers for allowing us to continue our tradition.

Looking ahead to next year, remember that live sales are the one true price discovery for this industry. Having those animals in front of you and all in one place is invaluable. Consider selling your stock with us—we’d love to have you. Many believe they can’t afford the commission, but when prices are this high, it’s hard to argue. Becoming established as a quality producer pays dividends, and when the market drops—as it inevitably will—the value of your animals selling at our sale will be realized over and over. Those who choose not to become established may be at the mercy of buyers looking to make up for lost revenues during the last run of high prices, and that will be at your expense. Just food for thought—value that for what it cost you to get it.

Thanks to buyers and consignors. It was our pleasure. For those who missed the opportunities, don’t miss next year. From all of us at the KBA Sale, Happy Holidays and have a great new year.

—Dick Gehring

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Native grasslands comprise more than 40 percent of North America’s natural landscape. The grasses serve as powerful carbon traps that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and returning it to the soil through the root system.

North America’s grasslands evolved over tens of thousands of years of continuous grazing by large ruminants, most notably the American bison. This co-evolutionary process to grasses and grazers developed into a symbiotic relationship that is vital to the health of both.

Grasses across North America produce roughly one-third more growth each year, than will naturally decompose. This excess growth chokes the soil and prevents healthy plant growth. Bison moving across pastures remove the choking cover and help to create a healthier ecosystem.

To survive, bison evolved as herd animals where large, tightly-packed herds moved quickly across the land. Grasslands, thus evolved to thrive under conditions of short periods of severe grazing, hoof action, and manuring, followed by periods of rest and recovery. As the bison graze, their hoofs stir the soil, helping to bury seeds and to create small pockets in the earth to capture precious moisture.

Because bison are undomesticated, they continue to interact with the environment as nature intended. Today’s bison still graze in herds, moving across the land, and only briefly stopping by the watering holes, reducing the damaging impact of hooves along riparian areas. Domesticated species, meanwhile, have long lost much of that natural behavior, and will commonly stand and graze in one spot, or lounge around stream beds and ponds on hot days.

Land managers of other livestock species have adapted practices—such as rotational grazing—to try an imitate the natural interaction of bison with the soil. Those practices are beneficial, but will never completely replicate the natural patterns of bison.

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Conservation through commerce is an incredible and uncommon story that is still being told today.

It starts 125 years ago when bison were on the brink of extinction. Today, nearly all of the bison in the world can be traced to the five foundation herds assembled in the late 1800’s by people such as Charles Goodnight of the Goodnight-Loving cattle trail fame, showman and entrepreneur Charles “Buffalo Jones,” Native American Samael Walking Coyote, partners Michel Pablo and Charles Allard, and “Buffalo King” Scotty Phillip. These ranchers saved the species. Canada had home-grown saviors of the bison as well.

These ranchers struggled to economically sustain their efforts. Charles Goodnight spent $7,000 filming an elaborate Indian buffalo hunt, but couldn’t market the footage. Pablo had offered to sell his herd to the U.S. government for $250/head, and had been shunned. Phillip leased 3,500 acres of unclaimed government land along the banks of the Missouri for $50 annually to be used as a tourist attraction, but the herd outgrew the pasture.

In the first half of the 20th Century, there was little perceived economic value in bison. 

The new preserves fostered by the American Bison society, the State of South Dakota and the federal government, provided the only significant outlet for the excess animals in the private herds. Animals from the herds of Pablo Allard, Goodnight and Jones were acquired by Yellowstone National Park in 1902 to restock the herd that had nearly been decimated by poaching that had continued until the mid-1890s. Thirty four bison originally from the Pablo Allard herd were purchased by the American Bison Society in 1909 to serve as the nucleus of the National Bison Range in Montana. Phillip’s heirs sold 36 bison to the state of South Dakota in 1914 to serve as seed stock for the Custer State Game Preserve herd. Phillip’s heirs struggled unsuccessfully to find private buyers for the remainder of the Buffalo King’s herd. With options exhausted, the family began to liquidate the approximately 700 bison in 1924.

Custer was renamed a state park in 1919, and soon began to attempt to manage its growing bison population by conducting annual field harvests in the park’s buffalo pasture. 

The meat was likely distributed in the community for the Christmas season. In 1922, 125 bulls were hunted in the park. Other animals were shipped from Custer to other parks in the East and the West. In the 1930’s, a slaughterhouse was constructed for bison to help dispose of surplus animals. Still, the herd had grown to 2,500 animals by the early 1940’s.

World War II provided a market boost for bison meat from Custer State Park and the adjoining Wind Cave National Park. 

Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt had established the Office of Price Administration, which began to impose severe rationing of several types of food-stocks, including beef. “Wild Game,” including bison meat, was exempt from the rationing. Demand surged. In the winter of 1942, Custer State Park’s slaughter plant failed to meet its orders, and work began on a new processing plant in the park. Meat from Custer State Park was marketed across the country, including in some of New York City’s finer restaurants. Sales of buffalo meat from the park continued to increase after the war. By 1953, meat sales generated nearly seventy-five thousand dollars for the Park.

Today, the slaughterhouse at Custer State Park is long gone. But the annual auction held there, along with other auctions at Antelope Island State Park, Fort Niobrara Wildlife Refuge, and elsewhere provide a balance of preservation and conservation.

No doubt, wanton slaughter of bison—along with diseases introduced by European livestock—nearly decimated bison 125 years ago. At the turn of the last century, efforts by public herd managers and private ranchers focused on preserving bison as a link to our American heritage.

Through the years, conservation and restoration of the species has involved an interwoven relationship among public, private—and now tribal—herds across North America.

The success of this can be seen across North America with the current herd size estimated to exceed 400,000 animals; with approximately 90% of all animals still stewarded by private ranchers. Read more about bison data and impact by the numbers.

Today, bison is revered as a gourmet food item, embraced by chefs, hailed by nutritionists and devoured by consumers.

Bison has found its way onto menus in restaurants from delicious burgers to decedent filets and also on American diner tables as part of heathy, satisfying home cooked meals. The remarkable nutritional value and delicious taste that consumers love drives the bison industry today. This, combined with rancher’s commitment to sustainable, natural production practices will ensure the future of this magnificent animal. The economic viability of bison is largely dependent on consumer demand. The demand for deliciously healthy bison meat is the key to preserving the species.

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The Annual Report is a glimpse at all that has happened in the last year. We want to invite our membership to fully utilize their memberships and communicate our wins and vision for 2025. You will notice quickly that there has been a pretty big increase in connecting with consumers, members, and potential members. In 2024, the NBA held six member conferences attended by over 1,000 people! The NBA was also represented through presentations and outreach at over one hundred events.

Our 2024 summer conference season welcomed the most attendees to date. We partnered with Texas Bison Association/ ROAM Ranch, Kansas Buffalo Association/ Kansas Wildlife and Parks, Eastern Bison Association/ Pitcher Farms, and Rocky Mountain Bison Association/ Prairie Ridge Buffalo Ranch to offer events in the North, South, East and West. These events collectively gathered over 350 members, all on working bison operations across the country.

Also, this summer, we welcomed over 120 veterinarians, researchers, and bison stewards at the International Bison Health Symposium held in Brookings, SD. They represented 16 U.S. States, 3 Canadian Provinces and 3 Nations. Gathering these bison health professionals together leads to shared resources and networking, exchanging ideas and best practices with the goal of keeping bison healthy and thriving.

The generosity of members of all sizes has been robust this year in support of the Growth Fund. The NBA Growth Fund was established to raise important funds that support the NBA’s outreach to consumers and the general promotion of bison to the public. Donations to this fund raise these crucial outreach dollars and support the day-to-day operations of the NBA’s important work.

For 2024, we have achieved a 50% increase for in-person consumer outreach. We had a really neat opportunity to collaborate with Ted’s Montana Grill utilizing social media influencers helping contribute to more than 1 million people reached through social media. The NBA reached about 63,000 through in person outreach with presence at 5 producer-facing farm shows and conferences and ten consumer events.

In throwing around all these numbers and statistics, we would be missing the mark if we did not highlight that we continue to provide membership access to live bison pricing, herd health information, production expense data, and marketing materials and tools. The NBA provides year-round legislative and regulatory work with Congress and federal agencies to ensure an even playing field for bison producers and marketers while supporting policies that will restore bison across North America.

We are excited to offer our members cost share for grazing practices, and in many cases premiums for bison calves raised regeneratively. To see if you qualify simply email: karen@bisoncentral.com to learn more about the NBA’s involvement in the Grass is Greener on the Other Side – Developing Climate-Smart Beef and Bison Commodities project. This is made possible through collaboration with South Dakota State University, the SDSU Center of Excellence in Bison Studies, Tanka Fund, and generous grant funding through the USDA NRCS Climate Smart program.

This community spanning the globe is bound by the heritage of the American Bison and is building a future for the animal we love and the people that steward them. A small and mighty staff are doing this work alongside a wonderful collection of members and partner organizations. Thank you to all of you who served as leaders of our organization in 2024! We truly value what you bring to the table and hope you will continue to serve this organization. We would love to have more of you join us to provide governance and guidance, teach at and host events, share your stories with others and help mentor beginning bison stewards. Through collaboration we are able to fulfill our mission through education, bringing people together, communication, events, promoting bison, facilitating relationships, and providing a coordinated national voice.

Click here to read our full 2024 Annual Report.

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By Beverly Brown, NBA Winter Conference Committee Chair

Ready to celebrate a big anniversary, bison style? Then make plans to attend the National Bison Association’s 30th Winter Conference and Gold Trophy Show and Sale Jan. 22-25, 2025 at the Omni Hotel in Broomfield, Colorado. Since the pearl is the traditional gemstone of a 30th anniversary, our theme will be “Bison: Pearl of the Prairie.”

As is the tradition with NBA conferences, our 30th anniversary meeting will be part business, part family reunion, part competition, part shopping trip and 100 percent fun. There will be educational opportunities galore, plus plenty of time for socializing and networking.

Among the educational opportunities will be the ever-popular and always-fresh Bison 101 session. This year’s leader will be Dr. Jeff Martin of South Dakota State University’s Center for Bison Studies. The content will be useful for both new bison producers and veterans eager to learn more about managing bison. Presenters in this session will cover several topics, one of which is the nutrition and mineral needs of our herds — a subject that has had little scientific research until recently.

Other educational sessions will focus on new EID ear-tagging rules, bison markets, sustainability practices, herdsmanship techniques, state-by-state bison laws and overall bison health management.

The 2025 recipe contest will have a “South of the Border” theme. There will be a special grand-prize charcuterie board from artist Wes Olson, plus cash prizes.

And get your camera ready: we’ll have a return of the ever-popular bison photo contests for adults and youth, also with cash prizes. As we all know, there’s no animal more photogenic than our beloved national mammal!

The fun auction dinner will be on Thursday night, and we expect a bumper crop of great items for bids. If at all possible, please plan to bring a quality bison auction item to donate for the auction.

The big banquet on Friday evening will be memorable and delicious. We’ve got a surprise on tap for the beginning of the banquet, so don’t be late! During the festivities we’ll have our drawings for some amazing raffle items, including a bison-themed king-sized quilt from Debbie Theiman, a decorated bison skull from Benjamin Lee Bison, a charcuterie board from Wes Olson, plus a “Mystery Box” with special prizes to thrill any bison aficionado.

No conference would be complete without our vendors, of course. They have a knack for coming up with more unique bison-centric merchandise every year. Where else can you shop for anything from bison jewelry to bison handling equipment in one place?

And, of course, there’s the big event — the Gold Trophy Show and Sale at the National Western Stockyards in Denver. On Friday, several NBA activities will be held at the yards, and bus transportation will be provided. Treat yourself to an up-close view of top-quality bison from herds all over the United States and Canada competing for top honors.

The annual live auction at the yards on Saturday is your opportunity to take home some top-notch animals, so bring your trailer. Buying Gold Trophy breeding stock to improve your herd’s bloodlines is an unforgettable thrill for a bison producer.

Also at the yards will be the National Western Rodeo and Stock Show. The National Western always has a vibrant state fair atmosphere along with an amazing array of food, vendors and activities.

Bottom line: The 30th anniversary of the NBA is an event you won’t want to miss. Conference registration, hotel reservations and bison consignments are now open at www.bisoncentral.com. Make your reservations soon, because our limited number of discount hotel rooms are available on a first-come basis until Jan. 3 or when our NBA block is full, whichever comes first.

By the way, resort fees will be waived for registered hotel guests. Guest amenities include spa, pool and hot tub access, five bars and restaurants and free parking — including room for trailers. 

Our 30th anniversary is shaping up to be an event that we’ll all remember, so don’t miss your opportunity to be a part of it. Dust off your pearls and best boots and we’ll see you in January!

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              Entering the bison industry was truly a memorable experience. Many of you may know me at this point, but for those who do not, I came to South Dakota State University’s (SDSU) Department of Animal Science and the Center of Excellence for Bison Studies in November of 2023 to lead the bison teaching program. This was prime time to network as the National Bison Association’s (NBA) national conference, Dakota Territory Buffalo Association’s annual conference, the South Dakota Chapter of The Wildlife Society’s annual conference were all taking place in the upcoming months. I am grateful for that timing, as my time and rolodex has been filled with wonderful people that bring great joy to my life. The producers, administrators, researchers, and academics in the field of bison studies have been the most welcoming and generous people I have ever known in any industry. When I was interviewing for this position, I had a vision of what I wanted the program to look like. I want to discuss that vision and what it has morphed into today based on the people I have worked with thus far.

               To create a sustainable program for one of our most sustainable ruminant species requires many moving parts. One goal is to generate interest in bison within the student base. The students at South Dakota State are some of the best in the world, especially when it comes to agriculture. Before I arrived, there was plenty of buzz from the industry regarding bison work. Drs. Kristi Cammack, Jeff Martin, Amanda Blair, and countless others from SDSU and all over the continent, have generated meaningful data that have advanced the industry greatly. The effort naturally turned into discussions on teaching courses in bison studies to foster the next generation of researchers and producers. Selling this vision to the students at SDSU has been very positive. There are already two bison-focused classes on the books on campus: Current Issues in the Bison Industry and Introduction to Bison Management. Both classes have generated great interest in the student population and are at near maximum capacity. Another course, Advanced Bison Production, is being developed at the time of writing this letter. The former course will focus on bringing in industry experts from all facets of production to talk with students about major issues and events within the industry. Introduction to Bison Management will teach students the basic of ranching for profit, the history of bison in North America, and how to effectively manage populations today. Advanced Bison Production is working closely with large producers to get students hands-on experience in the field, working bison. These hands-on courses and the species they focus on inherently drive interest to many and have especially done so with our students.

              Another channel of building a bison program is having students enjoy the courses they take, spread the good word about them, and eventually enter the industry in a meaningful way. The techniques and topics built into these courses are geared specifically to help generate sustainability by creating opportunities that students want to be a part of. Balancing hands-on work with solid coursework is something that is important to me, as it helps create graduates that will enter the field and be the most productive in our industry. On the topic of hands-on experiences, internships are a crucial component that lives within the vision of the program as well. Any and all opportunities that students could gain working with a producer is an opportunity that I plan to build into any student’s coursework. I encourage any producer reading this to please reach out if you need a summer laborer, manager, feeder, etc., and I would be more than happy to introduce some of the best at SDSU.

               One aspect that has grown into great importance to me as well during my time at SDSU is the relationship between our field and Tribal Nations. SDSU is making great efforts to become a great option for Native American and Alaska Native students, and bison is a great outlet for collaboration. SDSU is home to the American Indian and Indigenous Student Center and the Wokini Initiative. Both of which have been very enjoyable to work with, and I am excited to continue our work together. Bison hold major cultural significance to all North Americans, and especially Native Americans and Alaska Natives. It is my goal within my courses to dedicate time to take students to some of our Tribal Nations in South Dakota, work with some of our national groups such as the Tanka Fund and Intertribal Buffalo Council, and create opportunities for our students to grow within this important part of the buffalo community.

               All of this work is happening simultaneously with research. Part of a great curriculum are the opportunities and interest we can generate in conducting research. My position is mostly research based, and there are many projects being conducted by myself and others that will directly impact the producers of this incredible industry. One project is an investigation into the mineral and nutrition needs of bison on the east of the Mississippi. There is so much being accomplished, and potential for continued advancements as the bison program grows at SDSU. Thank you to the buffalo community for welcoming me with open arms. There will be more to come, as we are just getting started.

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